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MICROELECTRONICS
A
A
Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
Description
The GM432's are low-voltage three-terminal adjustable precision shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over their full temperature range. Output voltage can be set to any value from Vref (1.24V) to 16V by using two external resistors. Their active output circuitry provides a very unique turn-on characteristic, making them excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications such as onboard regulation and adjustable power supplies. In a wide range of home applications, these versatile darlings are ideal voltage references for 3.0V to 3.3V switching power suppies. With operational cathode current as low as 80A, batteries keep on going. Whatever your application is, the GM432's offer the optimum combination of performance, reliability, and economy.
Features
Low-voltage operation, down to 1.24V 0.5%, 1% or 2% reference voltage tolerance Adjustable output voltage, VO = Vref to 16V Sink Current Capability 80A to 100mA Low dynamic output impedance, 0.05W typical Wide temperature range, 0 to +70C Pin-to-pin replacement for TLV431, SC431L Available in SOT-23, SOT-25, SOT-89, TO-92 and SOP-8
Application
Switching power supplies Linear regulators Adjustable supplies Instrumentation Battery-operated computers, PDA's portable devices Monitors, TV's, camcorders Computer disk drives
LOGIC SYMBOL
BLOCK DIAGRAM (POSITIVE LOGIC)
CATHODE
REFERENCE
REFERENCE
+
ANODE
CATHODE
V ref
= 1.24V
ANODE
www.gammamicro.com
GM432 V0.11
1
_
MICROELECTRONICS
A
A
Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (TOP VIEW)
SOT-25(SOT-23-5)
ANODE
5
SOT-23
REF
4
TO-92
GM 432G AYWW
2
Anode
3
XXXYW
1 2 3 1
XXXYW
NC
NC CATHODE
REF
Cathode
1. REF 2. Anode 3. Cathode 12 3
SOP-8 SOT-89
ANODE REF ANODE NC
8765
GM432G AYWW
REF 1
2 3 CATHODE
GM432G AYWW
1234
CATHODE ANODE NC ANODE
XXX = Marking Code G** = Grade A = Assembly Location Y = Year WW, W= Weekly
ANODE
ORDERING INFORMATION
Ordering Number Precision Device code
GM432AT92B GM432AT92RL GM432AST23R GM432AST25R GM432AS8R GM432AST89R GM432BT92B GM432BT92RL GM432BST23R GM432BST25R GM432BS8R GM432BST89R GM432CT92B GM432CT92RL GM432CST23R GM432CST25R 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% MAA MAA MAA MAA MAA MAA MAB MAB MAB MAB MAB MAB MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC C C B B
Grade
A A
Package
TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23 SOT-25 SOP-8 SOT-89 TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23 SOT-25 SOP-8 SOT-89 TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23 SOT-25 SOP-8 SOT-89
Shipping
1,000 Units/ ESD Bag 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units/Tape &Reel 3,000 Units/Tape &Reel 2,500 Units /Tape & Reel 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel 2,500 Units /Tape & Reel 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel 3,000 Units /Tape &Reel 2,500 Units /Tape & Reel 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel
GM432
2
GM432CS8R GM432CST89R
* For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. **Grade A: indicates Precision of 0.5%, B: indicates Precision of 1%, C: indicates Precision of 2%
MICROELECTRONICS
A
A
Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (over free-air temperature range except as noted)
PARAMETER
Cathode Voltage (1) Continuous cathode current Reference input current range Power dissipation at TA = 25C SOT-23 SOP-8 TO-92 Package thermal impedance SOT-23 SOT-25 TO-92 SOP-8
(2, 3)
SYMBOL
VKA IK Iref PD
VALUE
20 100 3
UNIT
V mA mA
0.37 0.49 0.95
W
q JA
336 256 132 97 0 to + 70 260
C/W
Operating ambient temperature range Lead temperature (soldering) 10 seconds
TA TLEAD
C C
These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any conditions beyond the "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rated conditions may affect device reliability. NOTES:
1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode except as noted. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), qJA and TA. Maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) - TA)/ qJA. 3. Package thermal impedance is calculated per JESD 51.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
PARAMETER Cathode Voltage Cathode Current SYMBOL VKA IK MINIMUM Vref 80A MAXIMUM 16 100 UNIT V mA
GM432
3
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C unless otherwise noted)
GM432A (0.5%) GM432A (0.5%)
PARAMETER Reference input Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA Reference input current Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance Vref CONDITION VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25C (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to +70C
(1)
MIN 1.234 1.222
TYP 1.240
MAX 1.246 1.258 25
UNIT V mV mV/V
Vdev VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1) DVref DVKA Iref IK = 10mA, DVKA = 16V to Vref IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 =
(2)
10 - 2.7 -1.0 0.15 0.1
0.5 0.4
mA mA
Iref(dev) IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = TA = full range IK(min) V = V KA ref
(1)
(2)
20 0.125
(3)
80 0.150 0.150 0.15
mA
IK(off)
VKA = 6V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V
mA W
0.135 0.05
| ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1)
GM432B (1.0%)
PARAMETER Reference input Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA Reference input current Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance
NOTES: (1) See test circuit 1 on page 4. (2) See test circuit 2 on page 4. (3) See test circuit 3 on page 4.
CONDITION Vref VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25C
(1)
MIN 1.228 1.215
TYP 1.240
MAX
1.252 1.258
UNIT V mV mV/V
VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to +70C(1)
Vdev VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1) DVref DVKA Iref IK = 10mA, DVKA = 16V to Vref IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 =
(2)
10 - 2.7 -1.0 0.15 0.1
25
0.5 0.4
mA mA
Iref(dev) IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = TA = full range IK(min) V = V (1) KA ref VKA = 6V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V
(3)
(2)
20 0.125 0.135 0.05
80 0.150 0.150 0.15
mA
IK(off)
mA W
| ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1)
GM432
4
MICROELECTRONICS
A
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C unless otherwise noted)
GM432C (2.0%)
PARAMETER Reference input Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA Reference input current Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance
NOTES: (1) See test circuit 1. (2) See test circuit 2. (3) See test circuit 3.
CONDITION Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25C VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1) IK = 10mA, DVKA = 16V to Vref IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 =
(2) (1) (1)
MIN 1.215 1.200
TYP 1.240
MAX 1.265 1.280
UNIT V mV mV/V
VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to +70C
10 - 2.7 -1.0 0.15 0.1
35
0.5 0.4
mA mA
I = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = Iref(dev) K TA = full range IK(min) VKA = Vref (1) VKA = 6V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V (3)
(2)
20 0.125 0.135 0.05
80 0.150 0.150 0.15
mA
IK(off)
mA W
| ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1)
TEST CIRCUITS
VIN VKA VIN VKA lref R1 V ref R2 Vref lref Vref VIN VKA lk(off)
lk
Test Circuit 1 V KA = V ref
Test Circuit 2 V KA > V ref
Test Circuit 3 Off-State
GM432
5
MICROELECTRONICS
A
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS GM432A, GM432B
Vin R1 Vout Vin R1 Vout
R2 R2 R1 Vout=( 1+ R2 ) Vref R1 ) Vref R2
Vout=( 1+
Figure 1. Shunt Regulator
Figure 2. High Current Shunt Regulator
Vin
GM 7805 In Out Common
Vin Vout R1 R1
Vout
R2 R1 )Vref R2
R2
Vout=(1+
Vout=(1+
Vout(min) = Vref+ 5.0V
R1 ) Vref R2 2.0V
Figure 3. Output Control for a Three Terminal Fixed Regulator
Vout(min) = Vref+ Vbe
Figure 4. Series Pass Regulator
Vin
RCL
Iout
Vin Vout
Isink
V Isink= ref RS Iout= Vref RCL
RS
Figure 5. Constant Current Source
Figure 6. Constant Current Sink
Vin R1
Vout
Vin R1
Vout
GM432
R2 R2 Vout(trip)=(1 + R1 ) Vref R2
Vout(trip)=(1 +
R1 ) Vref R2
Figure 7. TRIAC Crowbar
Figure 8. SRC Crowbar
6
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
Notes: 1. Set VOUT according to the following equation: VOUT = VREF ( 1 + R1 )+ IREF R1 R2
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
V IN
R
V OUT R1 V REF R2 GM432
2. Choose the value for R as follows: The maximum limit for R should be such that the cathode current, IK, is greater than the minimum operating current (80A) at VIN(MIN)* The minimum limit for R should be such that the cathode current, IK, does not exceed 100mA under all load conditions, and the instantaneous turn-on value for IK does not exceed 150 mA. Both of the following conditions must be met: Rmin VIN(max) 150mA (to limit instantaneous turn-on IK)
GND
Rmin
VIN(max)-VOUT IOUT(min)+100mA
(to limit IK under normal operating conditions)
Typical Performance Characteristics
15
I K Cathode Current (mA)
200
V KA =V REF T A =25C
I K Cathode current (mA)
175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -1
10 5 0 -5 -10 -2
V KA =V REF T A =25 C
I min
-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
V KA Cathode Voltage (V)
Cathode Voltage (V)
Figure 9. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
250
I K =10 mA IREG, Reference Input Current (nA)
Figure 10. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
1.2440
I K =10 mA IREG, Reference Voltage - V R1=10KW R2= Open
200 150 100 50 0 0
1.2420 1.2400 1.2380 1.2360 1.2340 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
T J , Junction Temperature - C
T J , Junction Temperature - C
Figure 11. Ref. Voltage vs. Junction Temperature
Figure 12. Ref. Input Current vs. Junction Temperature
GM432
7
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
Stability Boundary Conditions
A Note About Stability
16 TA=25C 14 VKA=Vref
When using the GM432 as a shunt regulator, you can optimize stability by setting CL either (1) no load capacitance across the GM432, decouple at the load; or (2) large capacitance across the GM432, optional decoupling at the load. The GM432 can become unstable with capacitances of approximately 10nF to 1F
Stable
12 Cathode Current-mA
10
when cathode currents are less than 3mA or so, with instability increasing as cathode current is reduced. So, while the GM432 is happily stable at, for example, cathode current of 10mA with a 0.1F capacitor across it, it can oscillate transiently as the cathode curVKA=2V
8
6
4
rent rises through the region of instability. To avoid this problem completely, simply eliminate the capacitor or select a very low or very high (e.g. 10F) capac1 10
2
VKA=3V
0 0.001 0.01 0.1
itor CL. Since you will probably want local decoupling at the load, the best idea is to use no capacitance across the device. Just the resistance and capacitance of the PCB traces and vias will prevent local load decoupling from causing transient oscillation dur-
CL - Load Capacitance - F Tantalum Capacitors
1.0 TA=25C Cathode Current-mA 0.8 VKA=Vref
ing start-up. If you place the GM432 right next to the load, with the load decoupling capacitor directly across it, you must use a capacitor of nF or 10F.
0.6 Stable 0.4
R
0.2 For VKA= 2 & 3V Device does not Oscillate 0.01 0.1 1 10
0 0.001
+ _
GM432
IK
R1 CL R2
CL - Load Capacitance - F Tantalum Capacitors
* Stability boundary condition test shows that tantalum capacitors are recommended to minimize the conditions that may cause the device to oscillate.
GM432
8
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
80
IK=10mA TA=25C
0 36 72
Phase Shift in degrees
OUT
Av - Small Signal Voltage Gain/Phase Margin - dB
60
15k 10 F GM432
IK
232
108 40 144 180 20
+ GND
8.25k
0
-20 100
1K
10K
f - Frequency - Hz
100K
1M
Figure 13. Small Signal Voltage Gain/ Phase Margin vs. Frequency
Figure 14. Test Circuit - Small - Signal Gain and Phase
SOT-23 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
2.90 0.1 0.13 0.4 0.1
0~0.1 2.8 0.1 1.5 0.05
Pad Layout
0.031 0.8 0.035 0.9
0.65 0.05 0.95 0.038 1.9 0.05 5 0.8 0.05
0.079 2.0
1.10 0.1
0.037 0.95
0.037
Unit: mm
GM432
9
0.95
Inches ( mm )
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
SOT-25(SOT-23-5) PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
2.9 0.1 1.9 0.05 0.95 0.038 0.13
Pad Layout
0~0.1 1.5 0.05 2.8 0.1
0.094 2.4
0.028 0.7 0.039 1.0
0.65 0.05
0.35 0.03
0.8 0.05
0.037 0.95 0.037 0.95
5
5
0.074 1.9
( Inches ) mm
1.10 0.1
SOP-8 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
0.008 +0.0018 -0.0005
0 ~ 8
0.028
+0.013 -0.022 +0.33 -0.56
0.200
+0.05 -0.01
Pad Layout
0.060 1.52
0.710
0.236 0.008 5.990
+0.21 -0.20 +0.003 -0.004
0.275 7.0
0.155 4.0
0.154
PIN INDENT
3.91 0.1
0.024 0.6 0.050 1.270
Inches ( mm )
GM432
0.191
+0.002 -0.004 +0.05 -0.10
4.850
0.063 0.005 1.600 0.130
0.057 NOM 1.450 NOM
( Inches ) mm
0.007 0.003 0.175 0.075
10
0.050 NOM 1.270 NOM
0.016
+0.004 -0.003 +0.10 -0.08
0.410
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
SOT-89 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
4.50 0.05 1.650 REF 1.400 REF R 0.13~4X R 0.13~3X
1.50 0.05
Pad Layout
2
NO DRAFT~2
Units: mm
4.20 0.05 2.5 0.05
6 R 0.1 MAX 1.00 0.07 0.46 0.025
45 0.7 1.5 1.5 1
1.50
1.50
0.38 0.01
3.00 0.025 6~2X R 0.13~2X
R 0.13~2X 6~2X
Unit: mm
TO-92 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
4.6 0.1 2 3.6 0.15 2
4.6 0.1 2.3 1.45 0.1 2 3 - 0.46 2
14.5 0.5
1.27 1.27
3.6 0.15 1.3 0.1
Unit: mm
5
5
GM432
11
0.38 0.015
3
MICROELECTRONICS
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
ORDERING NUMBER
GM 432 A T92 B
Gamma Micro. Circuit Type Shipping B : ESD Bag RL: Ammo Pack R: Tape & Reel T: Tube
(Tape)
Voltage Tolerance A: 0.5% B: 1.0% C: 2.0%
Package T92: TO-92 ST23: SOT-23 ST25: SOT-25 S8: SOP-8
GM432
12
MICROELECTRONICS
A
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Power Management GM432
1.24V ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS
GM432
13

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